Using Cronbach’s Alpha for testing the questionnaire’s Reliability, Accuracy, and Internal Consistency
After conceptualizing the inferred ideas presented in the
conceptual framework and hypothesizing as well as the operationalization of
each desired question. After the
questionnaire is already setup according to the research problem and objective,
it is time to test the questionnaire if it can gather the correct information
from the respondents by determining the unanimous frequency of answer.
To scientifically test the questionnaires reliability,
several statisticians are using different pilot testing style in order to get
the questionnaires accuracy. But at this moment we are going to discuss the
usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha used as a standard test for questionnaire
accuracy. As they said that Cronbach’s
Alpha is to test the degree to which instruments items are homogeneous and
reflect the same underlying construct(s).
SPSS Software:
In solving and crunching the numbers to solve the
statistical formulation of Cronbach’s Alpha it is much easier to use SPSS
software because in the faculty of business and research SPSS is widely used
for aiding the business researchers in crunching statistical data. In addition, in installing SPSS in your
computer version for Microsoft and Mac OS are totally different set so consider
first your computer hardware before installing the software package.
BASIC MEANING:
What is Cronbach’s?... the name or the word Cronbach is from
the name of the person who formulated the theory of Cronbach’s Alpha, Lee
Cronbach 1951. Cronbach’s Alpha is
basically to measure the internal consistency for each question
formulated. Cronbach’s Alpha today is
widely used in Psychology, Business, and other faculties of Social Science.
FUNDAMETAL STEPS IN USING SPSS for CRONBACH’S ALPHA TESTING:
1. First, acquire SPSS software make sure that the version
is not too old. Version 17 up is fine to
acquire good graphical output display and functions.
2. Prepare at least 30 sets of questionnaires for pilot
testing
3. Conduct the pilot testing in your desired geographical research
scope and test the 30 samples.
4. Make sure that you are getting the information from the right
respondents.
5. After getting the questionnaires back from your 30
respondents, it is now time to analyze
and use SPSS to interpret each question if it is getting the correct
information basing from the understanding of each respondent.
6. Every question using the Likert Scaling method must be
tested for its realibity.
7. In SPSS in the data set page, one must set the 30
questions and the 5 scales being set in your questionnaire.
8. Manually input all the gathered data from your 30 samples
and crunch the reliability for each question.
SAMPLE SPSS DATA RESULT:
9. Check the output data from SPSS software, and check the standard settings below.
Cronbach's alpha
|
Internal consistency
|
α ≥ 0.9
|
Excellent (High-Stakes testing)
|
0.8 ≤ α < 0.9
|
Good (Low-Stakes testing)
|
0.7 ≤ α < 0.8
|
Acceptable (Surveys)
|
0.6 ≤ α < 0.7
|
Questionable
|
0.5 ≤ α < 0.6
|
Poor
|
α < 0.5
|
Unacceptable
|
10. If a given question will undermine the desired meaning
of the whole research then it is advisable to eliminate the question and change
it to a new question for re-testing.
Attaining the Skill
in Academic Writing doesn’t end only in English Grammar and good choice of
vocabularies. Academic Writing must
translate the inferences, concepts, hypotheses, and research information in a
mathematical tone translated to Academic writing presentation using various
standards (APA, MLA, & Chicago) to answer the ultimate problems of the
research.
GARBAGE IN....GARBAGE OUT
VIDEO LECTURE TO HELP LEARNERS VISUALIZE THE ACTUAL SPSS OPERATION
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Questionnaire .